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Tuesday, 9 February 2016

HTML Lists

Example of an unordered list and an ordered list in HTML:

Unordered List:

  • Item
  • Item
  • Item
  • Item

Ordered List:

  1. First item
  2. Second item
  3. Third item
  4. Fourth item

Unordered HTML Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items will be marked with bullets (small black circles):

Example

<ul>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul>

Unordered HTML Lists - The Style Attribute

A style attribute can be added to an unordered list, to define the style of the marker:
StyleDescription
list-style-type:discThe list items will be marked with bullets (default)
list-style-type:circleThe list items will be marked with circles
list-style-type:squareThe list items will be marked with squares
list-style-type:noneThe list items will not be marked

Disc:

<ul style="list-style-type:disc">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Try it Yourself »

Circle:

<ul style="list-style-type:circle">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Try it Yourself »

Square:

<ul style="list-style-type:square">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Try it Yourself »

None:

<ul style="list-style-type:none">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Try it Yourself »

Ordered HTML Lists

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items will be marked with numbers:

Example

<ol>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Try it Yourself »

Ordered HTML Lists - The Type Attribute

A type attribute can be added to an ordered list, to define the type of the marker:
TypeDescription
type="1"The list items will be numbered with numbers (default)
type="A"The list items will be numbered with uppercase letters
type="a"The list items will be numbered with lowercase letters
type="I"The list items will be numbered with uppercase roman numbers
type="i"The list items will be numbered with lowercase roman numbers

Numbers:

<ol type="1">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Try it Yourself »

Uppercase Letters:

<ol type="A">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Try it Yourself »

Lowercase Letters:

<ol type="a">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Try it Yourself »

Uppercase Roman Numbers:

<ol type="I">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Try it Yourself »

Lowercase Roman Numbers:

<ol type="i">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Try it Yourself »

HTML Description Lists

HTML also supports description lists.
A description list is a list of terms, with a description of each term.
The <dl> tag defines the description list, the <dt> tag defines the term (name), and the <dd> tag describes each term: 

Example

<dl>
  <dt>Coffee</dt>
  <dd>- black hot drink</dd>
  <dt>Milk</dt>
  <dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>
Try it Yourself »

Nested HTML Lists

List can be nested (lists inside lists):

Example

<ul>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea
    <ul>
      <li>Black tea</li>
      <li>Green tea</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Try it Yourself »
NoteList items can contain new list, and other HTML elements, like images and links, etc.

Horizontal Lists

HTML lists can be styled in many different ways with CSS.
One popular way, is to style a list to be displayed horizontally:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<style>
ul#menu li {
    display:inline;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>

<h2>Horizontal List</h2>

<ul id="menu">
  <li>HTML</li>
  <li>CSS</li>
  <li>JavaScript</li>
  <li>PHP</li>
</ul> 

</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself »
With a little extra style, you can make it look like a menu:

Example

ul#menu {
    padding: 0;
}

ul#menu li {
    display: inline;
}

ul#menu li a {
    background-color: black;
    color: white;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0;
}

ul#menu li a:hover {
    background-color: orange;
}
Try it Yourself »

Chapter Summary

  • Use the HTML <ul> element to define an unordered list
  • Use the HTML style attribute to define the bullet style
  • Use the HTML <ol> element to define an ordered list
  • Use the HTML type attribute to define the numbering type
  • Use the HTML <li> element to define a list item
  • Use the HTML <dl> element to define a description list
  • Use the HTML <dt> element to define the description term
  • Use the HTML <dd> element to define the description data
  • Lists can be nested inside lists
  • List items can contain other HTML elements
  • Use the CSS property display:inline to display a list horizontally
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HTML Tables

HTML Table Example

NumberFirst NameLast NamePoints
1EveJackson94
2JohnDoe80
3AdamJohnson67
4JillSmith50

Defining HTML Tables

Example

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <td>Jill</td>
    <td>Smith</td> 
    <td>50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Eve</td>
    <td>Jackson</td> 
    <td>94</td>
  </tr>
</table>
Try it yourself »
Example explained:
Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
Tables are divided into table rows with the <tr> tag.
Table rows are divided into table data with the <td> tag.
A table row can also be divided into table headings with the <th> tag.
NoteTable data <td> are the data containers of the table.
They can contain all sorts of HTML elements like text, images, lists, other tables, etc.

An HTML Table with a Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border for the table, it will be displayed without borders.
A border can be added using the border attribute:

Example

<table border="1" style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <td>Jill</td>
    <td>Smith</td> 
    <td>50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Eve</td>
    <td>Jackson</td> 
    <td>94</td>
  </tr>
</table>
Try it Yourself »
NoteThe border attribute is on its way out of the HTML standard! It is better to use CSS.
To add borders, use the CSS border property:

Example

table, th, td {
    border: 1px solid black;
}
Try it Yourself »
Remember to define borders for both the table and the table cells.

An HTML Table with Collapsed Borders

If you want the borders to collapse into one border, add CSS border-collapse:

Example

table, th, td {
    border: 1px solid black;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}
Try it Yourself »

An HTML Table with Cell Padding

Cell padding specifies the space between the cell content and its borders.
If you do not specify a padding, the table cells will be displayed without padding.
To set the padding, use the CSS padding property:

Example

table, th, td {
    border: 1px solid black;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
    padding: 15px;
}
Try it Yourself »

HTML Table Headings

Table headings are defined with the <th> tag.
By default, all major browsers display table headings as bold and centered:

Example

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th>Firstname</th>
    <th>Lastname</th> 
    <th>Points</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Eve</td>
    <td>Jackson</td> 
    <td>94</td>
  </tr>
</table>
Try it Yourself »
To left-align the table headings, use the CSS text-align property:

Example

th {
    text-align: left;
}
Try it Yourself »

An HTML Table with Border Spacing

Border spacing specifies the space between the cells.
To set the border spacing for a table, use the CSS border-spacing property:

Example

table {
    border-spacing: 5px;
}
Try it Yourself »
NoteIf the table has collapsed borders, border-spacing has no effect.

Table Cells that Span Many Columns

To make a cell span more than one column, use the colspan attribute:

Example

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th colspan="2">Telephone</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Bill Gates</td>
    <td>555 77 854</td>
    <td>555 77 855</td>
  </tr>
</table>
Try it Yourself »

Table Cells that Span Many Rows

To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute:

Example

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th>Name:</th>
    <td>Bill Gates</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>
    <td>555 77 854</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>555 77 855</td>
  </tr>
</table>
Try it Yourself »

An HTML Table With a Caption

To add a caption to a table, use the <caption> tag:

Example

<table style="width:100%">
  <caption>Monthly savings</caption>
  <tr>
    <th>Month</th>
    <th>Savings</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>January</td>
    <td>$100</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>February</td>
    <td>$50</td>
  </tr>
</table>
Try it Yourself »
NoteThe <caption> tag must be inserted immediately after the <table> tag.

A Special Style for One Table

To define a special style for a special table, add an id attribute to the table:

Example

<table id="t01">
  <tr>
    <th>Firstname</th>
    <th>Lastname</th> 
    <th>Points</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Eve</td>
    <td>Jackson</td> 
    <td>94</td>
  </tr>
</table>

Now you can define a special style for this table:

table#t01 {
    width: 100%; 
    background-color: #f1f1c1;
}
Try it Yourself »

And add more styles:

table#t01 tr:nth-child(even) {
    background-color: #eee;
}
table#t01 tr:nth-child(odd) {
    background-color: #fff;
}
table#t01 th {
    color: white;
    background-color: black;
}
Try it Yourself »

Chapter Summary

  • Use the HTML <table> element to define a table
  • Use the HTML <tr> element to define a table row
  • Use the HTML <td> element to define a table data
  • Use the HTML <th> element to define a table heading
  • Use the HTML <caption> element to define a table caption
  • Use the CSS border property to define a border
  • Use the CSS border-collapse property to collapse cell borders
  • Use the CSS padding property to add padding to cells
  • Use the CSS text-align property to align cell text
  • Use the CSS border-spacing property to set the spacing between cells
  • Use the colspan attribute to make a cell span many columns
  • Use the rowspan attribute to make a cell span many rows
  • Use the id attribute to uniquely define one table
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